Morfina en disnea al final de la vida
Artículo de Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69825/cienec.v7i31.330Abstract
La disnea es uno de los síntomas más angustiantes en pacientes al final de la vida, afectando significativamente su calidad de vida. La morfina ha mostrado beneficios relevantes en el control de la disnea refractaria. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica consultando bases de datos como Scielo, PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en los últimos 8 años que abordaran el uso de morfina en el manejo de la disnea en pacientes paliativos. Se eligieron ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas y guías de práctica clínica, excluyendo estudios en poblaciones pediátricas. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios revisados coinciden en que dosis bajas de morfina por vía oral y subcutánea son efectivas para reducir la percepción de disnea sin provocar una depresión respiratoria significativa. Asimismo, se observó una mejoría clínica en la sensación de falta de aire, mejor calidad de sueño y disminución de la ansiedad asociada al síntoma. Destacan como efectos adversos la somnolencia y estreñimiento, manejables en la práctica clínica. Se destacó la importancia de un ajuste individualizado de la dosis y de un monitoreo cercano de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La morfina se considera una herramienta segura y efectiva para el tratamiento de la disnea en pacientes al final de la vida. Su uso adecuado puede mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, siempre que se administre bajo supervisión médica cuidadosa.
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