Manejo clínico y tecnológico de la diabetes tipo 1 en niños: una revisión de la evidencia científica actual
Artículo de Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69825/cienec.v7i31.343Abstract
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) en población pediátrica constituye un desafío clínico de gran magnitud debido a la variabilidad metabólica propia del crecimiento y a la necesidad de un control glucémico estricto para prevenir complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa siguiendo criterios PRISMA adaptados, mediante búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane Library, considerando publicaciones entre 2019 y 2024. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, cohortes, estudios observacionales, metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas que evaluaran intervenciones tecnológicas en niños y adolescentes con DM1. La calidad metodológica se valoró según GRADE. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 12 estudios principales. Los ensayos clínicos de alta calidad evidenciaron aumentos significativos en el tiempo en rango (+8–11 pp) y disminuciones de HbA1c, sin incremento de hipoglucemia grave. Los estudios observacionales confirmaron la eficacia y seguridad en escenarios de práctica real, destacando la utilidad del CGM temprano y las limitaciones de equidad en el acceso. Conclusiones: Las tecnologías emergentes en DM1 pediátrica demuestran beneficios clínicos sólidos, mayor calidad de vida y seguridad, justificando su incorporación temprana. Es indispensable desarrollar estrategias de salud pública que garanticen un acceso equitativo y sostenible a estas innovaciones.
Palabras clave: ; ; ; Asa cerrada; Tecnología médica.
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